酸性フクシン

コナジラミ

Pale puparia may be stained. Add several drops of glacial acetic acid and a few drops of acid fuchsin stain. Agitate the watch glass so the stain is uniformly mixed. Once the puparia have become a pale pink colour, decant the staining solution. Add fresh glacial acetic acid to the specimens and leave for at least 5 min to dehydrate completely. This is again pipetted off. (eppo2004)

カイガラムシ

5. Rinse and staining. Transfer to distilled water in a staining well for about 5–10 minutes; then follow one of staining methods below: Fuchsin stain: add 1–2 drops of acid fuchsin stain (see below for recipe), leave for about 30 minutes or longer until the specimens are a good bright pink colour, then continue to step 6. (Rosa C. Henderson, 2011, p.17)

カイガラムシ

4. Staining
The clean specimens are stained in a mixture of acid Fuchsin stain and Essig’s aphid fluid for 12- 24 hours; this mixture has the advantage that it will not dry up, so it can be heated at 60 °C for half an hour to several hours to speed up the staining process. The staining mixture can be reused many times. Alternatively, specimens may be stained more quickly in acidified 80% alcohol (but this evaporates rapidly and there is a risk of damaging the specimens if they dry out). If specimens do not stain well (due to residual traces of KOH), a few drops of glacial acetic acid added to the dish usually darkens the stain. See Table 2 for the preparation of liquids used in the staining process.

Table 2. Common reagents used for staining scale insect cuticle

Reagent	Contents
Essig's aphid fluid	20 parts lactic acid (reagent grade 85%) + 2 parts phenol (liquefied) + 4 parts glacial (100%) acetic acid + 1 part distilled water. Heat at 56-60°C for 30-60 minutes. Label and store solution in a dark bottle.
Acid alcohol	20 parts glacial acetic acid + 80 parts 50% ethanol
Acid Fuchsin	Acid Fuchsin powder (0.5 g) + 10% HCI (25 ml) + H20 (300 ml)
Acid Fuchsin stain	3 parts acid alcohol + 1 part acid Fuchsin.

〜 (Takumasa Kondo, Gillian W. Watson, 2022)

腹吻亜目

Staining: Temporary slides were mounted in a water-soluble mountant, so staining with water soluble Acid Fuchsin was not possible. For permanent mounts, all Sternorrhyncha with membranous, colourless cuticle (except aphids and psyllids, in which pigmentation patterns are taxonomically useful) were stained in a mixture of Acid Fuchsin stain and Essig’s Aphid Fluid for 12-24 h. It is possible to stain in acidified 80% alcohol, but this evaporates quickly; Essig’s Aphid Fluid was used instead, as it does not evaporate quickly and can be heated safely. If specimens refused to take colour (due to presence of traces of KOH), a few drops Sirisena et al. 142 of glacial acetic acid were added to the dish. Staining could be accelerated by several hours by warming at 60 °C. (UGAI Sirisena, et al., 2013, p.141)

カイガラムシ

6 氷酢酸浸漬（除水，染色調整）
70％酢酸で洗浄して虫体が十分に透明になったら，染 色液を 1 ～数滴滴下した 100％酢酸を入れたシャーレに 虫を移し換え，1 時間から数時間静置して染色調整と除 水を行う。この処理では薬液を一回以上交換したほうが よい。 (田中 宏卓, 2014, p.50)

塩酸を含む酸アルコールでを使うと染まらないし、むしろ脱色される。 酸性化工程で使うと染まらなくなる。 え

EPPO (2004) Bemisia Tabaci, Henderson, R. C. (2011) Diaspididae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea), Kondo, T. & Watson, G. W. (2000) Collection, Preservation, Slide-mounting, … of Scale Insects, Sirisena, U. et al. (2013) Preparation of Hemiptera …, 田中 宏卓(2014) カイガラムシの標本作製法